R1(config)# interface s0/0/0 R1(config-if)# encapsulation ppp R2(config)# interface s0/0/1 R2(config-if)# encapsulation ppp R3(config)# interface s0/0/0 R3(config-if)# encapsulation ppp Step 3: Examine and set CHAP usernames and passwords. Examine each link to verify that routers are logging into each other correctly. All CHAP passwords are set. Default Gateway.

Packet Tracer – Connect a Router to a LAN

Addressing Table

Objectives

• Part 1: Display Router Information
• Part 2: Configure Router Interfaces
• Part 3: Verify the Configuration

Background

• In this activity, you will use various show commands to display the current state of the router. You will then use the Addressing Table to configure router Ethernet interfaces. Finally, you will use commands to verify and test your configurations.
  Note: The routers in this activity are partially configured. Some of the configurations are not covered in this course but they are provided to assist you in using verification commands.

Part 1: Display Router Information

Step 1: Display interface information on R1.

• Note: Click a device and then click the CLI tab to access the command line directly. The console password is cisco. The privileged EXEC password is class.

1. Which command displays the statistics for all interfaces configured on a router?
   show interfaces


2. Which command displays the information about the Serial 0/0/0 interface only?
   show interface serial 0/0/0


3. Enter the command to display the statistics for the Serial 0/0/0 interface on R1 and answer the following questions:
   1. What is the IP address configured on R1?
      209.165.200.225/30
   
   
   2. What is the bandwidth on the Serial 0/0/0 interface?
      1544 kbits


4. Enter the command to display the statistics for the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface and answer the following questions:
   1. What is the IP address on R1?
      There is no IP address configured on the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface.
   
   
   2. What is the MAC address of the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface?
      000d.bd6c.7d01
   
   
   3. What is the bandwidth (BW) of the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface?
      1000000 kbits

Step 2: Display a summary list of the interfaces on R1.

1. Which command displays a brief summary of the current interfaces, interface status, and the IP addresses assigned to them?
   show ip interface brief


2. Enter the command on each router and answer the following questions:
   1. How many serial interfaces are there on R1 and R2?
      Each router has 2 serial interfaces.
   
   
   2. How many Ethernet interfaces are there on R1 and R2?
      R1 has 6 Ethernet interfaces and R2 has 2 Ethernet interfaces.
   
   
   3. Are all the Ethernet interfaces on R1 the same? If no, explain the difference(s).
      No, they are not. There are two Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and 4 Fast Ethernet interfaces. Gigabit Ethernet interfaces support speeds of up to 1,000,000,000 bits per second and Fast Ethernet interfaces support speeds of up to 1,000,000 bits per second.

Step 3: Display the routing table on R1.

Step 3: Display the routing table on R1.

1. What command displays the contents of the routing table?
   show ip route


2. Enter the command on R1 and answer the following questions:
   1. How many connected routes are there (uses the C code)?
      1
   
   
   2. Which route is listed?
      209.165.200.224/30
   
   
   3. How does a router handle a packet destined for a network that is not listed in the routing table?
      A router will only send packets to a network listed in the routing table. If a network is not listed, the packet will be dropped.

Part 2: Configure Router Interfaces

Step 1: Configure the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface on R1.

1. Enter the following commands to address and activate the GigabitEthernet 0/0 interface on R1:
   R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0
   R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
   R1(config-if)#no shutdown
   %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
   %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up


2. It is good practice to configure a description for each interface to help document the network. Configure an interface description that indicates the device to which it is connected.
   R1(config-if)#description LAN connection to S1


3. R1 should now be able to ping PC1.
   R1(config-if)#end
   %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
   R1# ping 192.168.10.10
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
   .!!!!
   Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/2/8 ms

Step 2: Configure the remaining Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces on R1 and R2.

1. Use the information in the Addressing Table to finish the interface configurations for R1 and R2. For each interface, do the following:
   1. Enter the IP address and activate the interface.
   
   
   2. Configure an appropriate description.


2. Verify interface configurations.

Step 3: Back up the configurations to NVRAM.

• Save the configuration files on both routers to NVRAM. What command did you use?
  copy run start

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Part 3: Verify the Configuration

Step 1: Use verification commands to check your interface configurations.

1. Use the show ip interface brief command on both R1 and R2 to quickly verify that the interfaces are configured with the correct IP address and are active.
   How many interfaces on R1 and R2 are configured with IP addresses and in the “up” and “up” state?
   3 on each router
   What part of the interface configuration is NOT displayed in the command output?
   The subnet mask
   What commands can you use to verify this part of the configuration?
   show run, show interfaces, show ip protocols


2. Use the show ip route command on both R1 and R2 to view the current routing tables and answer the following questions:
   1. How many connected routes (uses the C code) do you see on each router?
      3
   
   
   2. How many OSPF routes (uses the O code) do you see on each router?
      Both R1 and R2 show 2 OSPF routes.
   
   
   3. If the router knows all the routes in the network, then the number of connected routes and dynamically learned routes (OSPF) should equal the total number of LANs and WANs. How many LANs and WANs are in the topology?
      5
   
   
   4. Does this number match the number of C and O routes shown in the routing table?
      yes
      Note: If your answer is “no”, then you are missing a required configuration. Review the steps in Part 2.

Step 2: Test end-to-end connectivity across the network.

• You should now be able to ping from any PC to any other PC on the network. In addition, you should be able to ping the active interfaces on the routers. For example, the following tests should be successful:
  • From the command line on PC1, ping PC4.
  • From the command line on R2, ping PC2.
• Note: For simplicity in this activity, the switches are not configured. You will not be able to ping them.

This tutorial explains basic show commands (such as show ip route, show ip interfaces brief, show version, show flash, show running-config, show startup-config, show controllers, etc.) in Cisco router with examples. Learn how to use show commands in Cisco router to get specific information.

To explain basic router show commands, I will use packet tracer network simulator software. You can use any network simulator software or can use a real Cisco router to follow this guide. There is no difference in output as long as your selected software contains the commands explained in this tutorial.

Create a practice lab as shown in following figure or download this pre-created practice lab and load in packet tracer

If require, you can download the latest as well as earlier version of Packet Tracer from here. Download Packet Tracer

In this practice lab

• RIP Routing protocol is configured on both routers.
• Clock rate and bandwidth is assigned on Router0’s serial interface 0/0/0.

Above practice lab is only a recommendation to understand the show commands more clearly, it’s not a requirement to follow this tutorial. You can follow this tutorial in a single router or even without router.

Basic Cisco Router Show Commands

Access CLI prompt of router

Use enable command to enter in privilege exec mode. Cisco IOS supports unique context sensitive help features. We can use this features to list all available commands and parameters those are associated with show command.

Enter show command with ? ( Question mark ) to list all available commands

If prompt returns with parameters excluding <CR> that means it requires more parameters to complete this command.

If prompt returns with <CR> only as option, that means router does not need any additional parameters to complete this command. You can execute this command in current condition.

Router#show interfaces

This command shows the status and configuration of interfaces. Cookie 5 7 6. By default it will display all interfaces. But you can limit it to particular interface. To view the detail of specific interface you can use the following command.

For example to view the detail of serial 0/0/0 interface on Router0 we will use following command

Output of this command provides several details about interface including its status, encapsulation, interface type, MTU, last input and output packet etc. First line of output shows the status of interface. First up indicates the status of physical layer. Second up refers the data link layer status.

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Possible status of physical layer

• UP: - Interface is receiving physical layer signals.
• Down:- Interface is not receiving physical layer signals. This could be happen due to following reasons.
  • Cable is unplugged
  • You are using wrong cable type.
  • Attached device is turned off.
• Administratively down:- Interface is turned off by using shutdown command.

Possible status of data link layer

• UP:- interface is operational.
• Down:- interface is not operational. This could be due to following reasons:-
  • Physical layer is down
  • Incorrect encapsulation setting
  • Incorrect clock rate or bandwidth setting
  • Incorrect keepalives setting

• Second line shows the Hardware type and MAC address of interface.
• Third line shows the IP address of interface.
• MTU indicates the Ethernet frame size.
• BW parameter refers to bandwidth link

Router# show ip interface brief

This command provides a quick overview of all interfaces on the router including their IP addresses and status.

Router#show controllers [type slot_# port_#]

This command is used to check the hardware statistic of interface including clock rate and cable status such as cable is attached or not. One end of serial cable is physically DTE, and other end is DCE. If cable is attached, it will display the type of cable.

Router#show flash

This command will display the content of flash memory, used space and available space. By default router stores IOS image file in flash. We can use this command to check the available space in Flash memory while updating / restoring IOS files.

Router#show version

This command will display information about software version of running IOS. It also provides information about configuration setting. It shows current configuration register setting that is used to reset the password of router.

Router#show startup-config

Routers load configuration from NVRAM in startup. This command will display the configuration stored in NVRAM.

Router#show running-config

Router keeps all running configuration in RAM. This command will display the configuration currently running in RAM.

Router#show clock

This command displays current time on router.

Router#show hosts

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This command displays names and addresses of the hosts on the network that you can connect.

Router#show users

This command displays users currently connected to the router.

Router#show arp

This command displays ARP cache table. ARP table is used to resolve the hardware MAC addresses.

Router#show protocols

This command shows the status of configured layer three protocols on the device.

Router#show history

Router keeps a history of used command. This command will list the used command on that level.

Router#show ip route

Routers use routing table to take packet forward decision. This command displays routing table.

Show command supports several other parameters to display command specific information. Due to length of this article we will include them in next articles with their respective topics.